Entropy production associated with magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) thermo-solutal natural convection of non-Newtonian MWCNT-SiO2-EG hybrid nano-coolant

This article investigates the convective thermal and solutal exchange from the active walls of a trapezium chamber which is filled with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)-silicon dioxide (SiO2)-ethylene glycol-water hybrid nano-coolant. The hybrid nano-coolant exhibits non-Newtonian shear-thinning rheology and is modeled by the power-law viscosity as per an exploratory report. The convection is generated by both the thermal and solutal buoyancy forces in the presence of a magnetic field. Thermophysical properties of the particular nano-coolants are estimated from the temperature-dependent empirical correlation. An in-house FORTRAN code based on the finite volume method (FVM) has been utilized to simulate the non-dimensional controlling equations representing the physical model. By systematically varying the strength of the magnetic field (Ha=0−50) and its direction (δ1=0−90), the volume fraction of nano-coolant (ϕ=0−0.04) and solutal-to-thermal buoyancy ratio (N=−2 to 2), we thoroughly analyzed their impact on the flow field, thermal, and solutal transmission behavior. Significant impacts arising from the shear-thinning nature (n