A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Utility of Corticosteroids in the Treatment of Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Background Corticosteroids (CCS) are effective in reducing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, but it is unknown whether CCS are effective in treating hyperemesis gravidarum (HG). Methods We searched PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to May 15, 2015, for randomized controlled trials examining the effects of CCS in HG. Results We identified five trials (n = 310) examining the effects of CCS in women with HG. Meta-analysis was possible for one outcome (n = 214) and showed no significant effect of CCS on readmission rates (odds ratio, 0.37; 95% confidence internal: 0.1-1.35). Two small studies (n = 104) reported a reduction of vomiting episodes, and one (n = 24) found improvement of well-being, but no effect on other outcomes. None of the studies that investigated perinatal outcome (n = 173) found an effect of CCS and were underpowered to investigate teratogenic effects. We found evidence of publication bias. Conclusion Meta-analysis yielded no effect of CCS therapy on readmission rates. Single small studies indicated possible beneficial effects on other outcomes. Future high-quality trials are necessary and would benefit from consensus on HG definition and core outcomes of HG therapy.