花生品种对水酶法制油水相体系中油脂和蛋白质 分布的影响Influence of peanut varieties on the distribution of oil and protein in the aqueous phase system during oil extraction by aqueous enzymatic method

为了明确花生品种对水酶法制油的影响，测定了不同品种花生（豫花23、豫花37、豫花9326）的基本成分，并研究了水酶法制油工艺条件对不同品种花生水相体系中油脂和蛋白质分布的影响。结果表明：3个花生品种中，豫花37的油脂、水分、灰分、可溶性糖、可溶性总酚含量均最高，豫花23的蛋白质含量最高（25.36%），豫花9326的粗纤维含量最高（6.59%）；花生品种对水相体系中油脂和蛋白质的分布有显著影响；以水相体系中低油脂和高蛋白质分布为准则得到水酶法制油的最佳工艺条件为豫花37的粉碎时间90 s、豫花23和豫花9326的粉碎时间120 s，酶用量1.0%，酶解时间2 h，酶解温度50 ℃，此时豫花23、豫花37、豫花9326在水相体系中油脂分布分别为6.21%、4.19%、4.19%，蛋白质分布分别为50.99%、75.68%、63.84%。综上，豫花37能在更短的粉碎时间内使水酶法制油过程中花生水相体系中的油脂分布少，蛋白质分布多，更适用于水酶法制油。In order to clarify the influence of peanut varieties on oil extraction by aqueous enzymatic method, the basic compositions of different varieties of peanuts(Yuhua 23,Yuhua 37, Yuhua 9326) were determined, and the effects of peanut varieties as well as the process conditions for oil extraction by aqueous enzymatic method on the distribution of oil and protein in the aqueous phase system were investigated.The results showed that among the three peanut varieties, Yuhua 37 had the highest content of oil, moisture, ash, soluble sugar and soluble total phenol, Yuhua 23 had the highest content of protein (25.36%), and Yuhua 9326 had the highest content of crude fiber (6.59%); the peanut varieties had a significant effect on the distribution of oil and protein in the aqueous phase system; the optimal process conditions for aqueous enzymatic method were obtained by taking the low oil and high protein distribution in the aqueous phase system as a guideline: pulverization time of Yuhua 37 90 s, Yuhua 23 and Yuhua 9326 120 s, enzyme dosage 10%, enzymatic hydrolysis time 2 h, and enzymatic hydrolysis temperature 50 ℃. Under these conditions, the oil distributions of Yuhua 23, Yuhua 37, and Yuhua 9326 in the aqueous phase system were 6.21%, 4.19%, 419%, and the protein distributions were 5099%, 75.68% and 63.84%, respectively. In conclusion, Yuhua 37 can make less oil distribution and more protein distribution in the aqueous phase system in the oil extraction by aqueous enzymatic method in shorter pulverization time, which is more suitable for oil extraction by aqueous enzymatic method.