Expert consensus on the use of human serum albumin in adult cardiac surgery

[13,14] Recently published data from randomized, clinical trials (RCTs), meta-analyses, and observational studies have shown that synthetic colloids, particularly hydroxyethyl starches, increase the risk of death, acute kidney injury (AKI), and excess bleeding in cardiac surgical patients. [...]in this study, preoperative albumin concentrations were not matched, and a majority of patients in the albumin group also received other colloids. [...]the study's validity is limited by its design, and its results should be interpreted with caution. In detail, patients in the albumin group received less volume of fluid replacement (median: 2150 mL vs. 3298 mL, P