Small Angle Scattering Intensity Measurement by an Improved Ocean Scheimpflug Lidar System

Quantification of the horizontal patterns of phytoplankton and the distribution of suspended particles across the sea’s surface has been greatly improved by traditional passive oceanic color remote sensing technology. Lidar technology has already been proven to be effective positive remote sensing technology to construct high-resolution bathymetry models. Lidar technology significantly improves our ability to model biogeochemical processes in the upper ocean and provides advanced concepts regarding the vertical distribution of suspended particles and oceanic optical properties. In this paper, we present a novel optical approach to measuring the scattering intensity and characteristics of suspended particles within small angles backwards and distinguish water medium with different attenuation coefficients by a laboratory demonstration of the ocean Scheimpflug lidar system. The approach allows the direct determination of the scattering intensity over a small angle at the backward direction (175.8~178.8°) with an angular resolution of 0.38. Corrections for the effects of refraction at the air-glass-water interface were demonstrated. The data production (initial width and width attenuation rate of the laser beam) of the ocean Scheimpflug lidar system were utilized to distinguish water with different algae concentrations. Application for the measurement of backward scattering intensity and laser beam width were explored in distances up to several meters with spatial resolutions of millimeter precision.