Mothers’ experience of virtual education during and after the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study

This qualitative study was conducted with the aim of investigating the experience of mothers in Tehran in the field of virtual education during the COVID-19 pandemic. The participants in this study were 17 mothers of school children who experienced virtual education in Tehran during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data collection was done through semi-structured interviews, over the phone, and lasted for approximately 30–45 min. The interviews were audio recorded with the permission of the participants, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using the method of conventional content analysis. For this study, 17 mothers were interviewed. Of those, 7 had one school-age child, 8 had two, and 2 had three. All of the children lived with both their mother and father. The majority of the mothers (16 out of 17) held bachelor's degrees. On average, the students were 11.76 years old. Fourteen of the students attended public schools, while 3 attended private schools. Most of the mothers (14 out of 17) reported their financial status as average. Data analysis led to the identification of 3 main themes and 12 subthemes. The three main categories were family-related factors, student-related factors, and school-related factors. The 4 themes related to family included 1) the role of family as a teacher, 2) the importance of direct and indirect supervision in family education, 3) the cost, and 4) the peace of mind. Factors related to students included 5 themes; 1) the advantages and disadvantages of virtual learning environments, 2) time management in education, 3) the consequences of failing to acquire necessary skills and knowledge, 4) issues of indifference and fraud in education, 5) physical, mental, and social problems affecting students. Factors related to schools included 3 themes; 1) the role of the teacher in virtual teaching and learning, 2) the challenges of lack of prior experience in education, 3) inequality in access to education and opportunities. The findings of this study have several implications for policymakers. Paying attention to technological and educational challenges related to virtual education and providing adequate support to parents are important things that should be prioritized. In addition, psychological support services should be made available to parents so that they can cope with the emotional challenges of virtual education. Finally, the positive experiences reported by mothers suggest that virtual education can be an effective and flexible option for