Biodegradation of reactive textile dye Novacron Super Black G by free cells of newly isolated Alcaligenes faecalis AZ26 and Bacillus spp obtained from textile effluents

Bacteria were isolated from effluents of textile industries and screened by their capability to decolorize at least one of eight reactive dyes used in the textile industries. Three isolates having the capability to decolorize the highest number of dyes with more than 25% of decolorization were identified as Alcaligenes faecalis AZ26, Bacillus cereus AZ27 and Bacillus sp. AZ28 based on morphological, cultural, biochemical characteristics, and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The decolorization capability of these three bacterial isolates was optimized under different physicochemical conditions by using Novacron Super Black G (NSB-G), one of the eight reactive dyes commonly used in textile industries. These bacterial isolates grew well in the presence of up to 500 mg L−1 of NSB-G and showed decolorization of approximately 90% at 200 mg L−1 of NSB-G after 96 h of cultivation at 37 °C and pH 8.0 under static condition. Decolorization of NSB-G by the bacterial isolates was investigated using UV-VIS spectrophotometry and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The UV-visible absorbance spectra and the FTIR spectrum of the decolorized NSB-G significantly differed from those of the parent dye, indicating that the NSB-G was degraded by the bacterial isolates. High decolorization extent supports the notion that the bacterial isolates reported herein might have potential in the biological treatment of dyeing mill effluents.