Kidney Disease and Perinatal Programming of Arterial Hypertension: the Results of Experimental Researches

Deterioration of development conditions in the perinatal period (starvation of the mother, excess sodium ions in her diet, exposure to glucocorticosteroids, placental insufficiency) programs significant changes in the excretion of sodium ions in the newborn and leads to the development of hypertension. Studies on experimental animals show that unfavourable conditions of intrauterine development can reduce the effective area of glomerular filtration and its rate. These circumstances increase the expression of membrane carriers of sodium ions in the apical membranes, the production of superoxide radicals and enhance the reabsorption of sodium. The article discusses the potential mechanisms of perinatal programming of renal hypertension in humans.