Increased dyslipidemia in schizophrenic outpatients using new generation antipsychotics Dislipidemia aumentada em pacientes esquizofrênicos ambulatoriais em uso de antipsicóticos de nova geração

OBJECTIVE: First and second generation antipsychotics are associated with metabolic disturbances. A cross-sectional study was designed to follow outpatients at the Schizophrenia and Dementia Program at a major teaching hospital in Porto Alegre, Brazil (Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre) in order to verify whether second generation antipsychotics were associated with higher glucose and lipid levels regardless of age and gender. METHOD: Four metabolic parameters (cholesterol and fractions, glucose and triglycerides) and anthropometric measures were obtained from 124 consecutive adult outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia by DSM-IV and ICD-10 with the Operational Criteria Checklist for Psychotic Disorders system using the same antipsychotic drug for at least 9 weeks. RESULTS: Most patients had elevated BMI (76.6%) and dyslipidemia (84.7%). Clozapine users had lower HDL levels compared to first generation antipsychotics users. Both groups had elevated body mass index (p = 0.033; OR = 3.3; 95%CI = 1.1-9.8) and second generation antipsychotics (p = 0.021; OR = 3.5; 95%CI = 1.1-11.2) showed significant effect, adjusted for age and gender in the logistic regression for dyslipidemia, and significant age effect for hyperglycemia (p = 0.030; OR = 1.1; 95%CI = 1.0-1.1). DISCUSSION: There was statistically significant association between the use of second generation antipsychotics and dyslipidemia. It raises the issue of increased vulnerability of second generation antipsychotics-treated patients, regardless of age, as well as the need for assertive treatment for overweight and dyslipidemia in schizophrenia in order to reduce the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease.OBJETIVO: Antipsicóticos de primeira e de segunda geração estão implicados em alterações metabólicas. Foi elaborado este estudo transversal para verificar se os antipsicóticos de segunda geração estavam associados a maiores níveis de glicose e lipídeos, independente de idade e sexo, em pacientes atendidos no Programa de Esquizofrenia e Demência do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. MÉTODO: Foram obtidos colesterol e frações, glicose e triglicerídeos séricos, e medidas antropométricas em 124 pacientes esquizofrênicos, encaminhados consecutivamente, diagnosticados pelo DSM-IV e CID-10 pelo sistema Operational Criteria Checklist for Psychotic Disorders, e em uso do mesmo antipsicótico por, no mínimo, nove semanas. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos pacientes apresentou IMC elevado (76,6%) e dislipidemia