Effectiveness of protected areas for the conservation of aquatic invertebrates: a study-case in southern Brazil

Aim This work aimed to analyze the effectiveness of protected areas (PA) as maintainers of the fauna of benthic macroinvertebrates and the use of these in the water management of these areas. We tested the hypothesis that in streams located within the PA there will be greater abundance and diversity of organisms. Methods We collected macroinvertebrates in streams located inside and outside two PA in Southern Brazil: (Fritz Plaumann State Park, Santa Catarina, Teixeira Soares Municipal Natural Park, Rio Grande do Sul). In each stream we measured physical and chemical variables of the water. Three sub-samples of macroinvertebrates were collected on stony substrate with a Surber sampler and calculated abundance of organisms, rarefied richness, Shannon diversity and Evenness. Results The streams located in the interior of the PA presented well oxygenated waters and slightly basic pH. The electrical conductivity was higher in the external sections than the UC. We observed that rarefied richness, Shannon diversity and equitability were higher in the streams located inside the PA. PerMANOVA indicates that the composition was different between streams sections (p = 0.03) and PA (p = 0.01). Conclusions The use of organisms as bioindicators showed a potential response to the environmental integrity of streams. Thus, these organisms have potential for use by PA managers for monitoring and decision making on the maintenance of protected areas. Resumo: Objetivo este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a efetividade de Áreas Protegidas (AP) como mantenedoras da fauna de macroinvertebrados bentônicos e a utilização destes na gestão das águas dessas áreas. Testamos a hipótese de em riachos localizados dentro das AP haverá maior abundância e diversidade de organismos. Métodos Coletamos macroinvertebrados em riachos localizados dentro e fora de duas UC no Sul do Brasil: (Parque Estadual Fritz Plaumann, Santa Catarina; Parque Natural Municipal Teixeira Soares, Rio Grande do Sul). Em cada riacho foram mensurados variáveis físicas e químicas da água. Foram coletadas três sub-amostras de macroinvertebrados em substrato pedregoso com um amostrador Surber e calculados abundância de organismos, riqueza rarefeita, diversidade de Shannon e Equitabilidade. Resultados Os riachos localizados no interior das AP apresentaram águas bem oxigenadas e pH ligeiramente básico. A condutividade elétrica foi maior nos trechos externos as AP. Observamos que riqueza rarefeita, diversidade de Shanno