BARRIERS AND PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF NEW GENETIC TECHNOLOGIES FOR FOOD PRODUCTION: REGULATORY OPTIONS IN THE INTERESTS OF THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY

The discovery of new genetic editing technologies (new genetic technologies, NGT) made it possible to change the genetic material of organisms faster, easier, more accurate and cheaper. Gene modification in the laboratory has become the most promising method of creating new crops. In all developed countries possessing such technologies, including Russia, the question has been raised for a long time whether NGT should be qualified in the legal field in a different way than previously known traditional methods of genetic engineering, which have been in practice since the 1970s. The Russian and European experience of evaluating technologies in the field of NGT has been studied and summarized in order to overcome the mentioned barriers in the Russian agro-industrial sphere, solve import substitution problems, ensure the sustainable development of domestic breeding and crop production, and realize the competitive advantages available today in Russian legislation for Russian innovative firms and agricultural producers. The options of modernization of the Russian legislation are considered, which would allow to consolidate and develop the successes of domestic scientists and breeders, to make it more stable and safe to provide Russian consumers (as well as importers of Russian food abroad) with high-quality and inexpensive food products. For the first time, a comparative analysis of studies of new genetic editing technologies in the context of their industrial implementation and legal regulation, basing on analytics from leading European centers and Russian Federation institutions, was carried out.