How does public infrastructure construction influence CO2 emissions? A global case

To empirically investigate as to whether and how public infrastructure influences the global greenhouse effect, this study utilizes a panel dataset of 35 countries over the period 2003–2019 for regression estimation. Furthermore, regional heterogeneous and mediation effects between infrastructure and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions are explored. The primary findings insist that: 1) at the global level, public infrastructure is positive associated with CO 2 emissions. In other words, strengthening infrastructure at this stage is not conducive to mitigating the greenhouse effect; 2) public infrastructure construction development in Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) countries has a greater positive impact on CO 2 emissions than in non-BRI countries; and 3) the mediation roles of industrial upgrading and trade openness are established; specifically, trade openness and industrial upgrading are valid transmission routes through which public infrastructure affects CO 2 emissions. Based on the above three findings, a number of policy implications related to accelerate low-carbon construction of infrastructure and promote industrial upgrading are proposed.