The Developmental Toxicity and Endocrine-Disrupting Effects of Fenpropathrin on Gobiocypris rarus during the Early Life Stage

In the present study, the developmental toxicity and endocrine-disrupting effects of fenpropathrin on during the early life stage were studied using a semi-static water exposure method. The results showed that the LOEC (lowest observed effect concentration) of fenpropathrin on the incubation of rare minnow embryos was above 2.5 μg·L . The LOEC and NOEC (no observed effect concentration) of fenpropathrin on the developmental malformations and death indicators were 2.0 and 1.5 μg·L , respectively. After exposure to 1.5 μg·L of fenpropathrin for 31 days, the expressions of androgen receptor genes ( ) and sex hormone-synthesis-related genes ( and ) were significantly decreased and the expressions of thyroid hormone receptor genes ( ) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor genes ( and ) were significantly increased in juvenile . The expression levels of the androgen receptor gene ( ), estrogen receptor gene ( ), and the sex hormone-synthesis-related genes ( , , and ) were significantly decreased, while the estrogen receptor gene ( ), thyroid hormone receptor gene ( ), and aromatic hydrocarbon receptor genes ( and ) were upregulated in juvenile under exposure to 2.0 μg·L of fenpropathrin. Relatively low concentrations of fenpropathrin can affect the expression of sex hormone receptor genes, genes related to sex hormone synthesis, thyroid hormone receptor genes, and aromatic hydrocarbon receptor genes, thus interfering with the reproductive system, thyroid system, and metabolic level in . Therefore, more attention should be paid to the endocrine-disrupting effect caused by the pyrethroid insecticides in the water environment. Furthermore, studies on the internal mechanism of the endocrine-disrupting effect of pyrethroid insecticides on fish is needed in the future.