Early detection of cognitive impairment in patients with hypertension and evaluation of treatment effectiveness according to EEG data

Objective: to establish the relationship between the presence of cognitive disorders in patients with arterial hypertension and changes in EEG, to assess the dynamics of these changes against the background of various modes of cerebroprotective therapy. Materials and methods: the study involved 92 people with arterial hypertension, whose average age was 63 ± 8.2 years. The research was carried out on the device “Encephalan-EEGR-19/26”. To assess cognitive functions, patients were tested using the MoСA test. Patients with cognitive impairment were divided into three groups of dynamic monitoring with diff erent modes of cerebroprotective therapy. Results: non-specifi c patterns in the slow-wave range were registered in patients with cognitive impairment during visual EEG analysis. In the quantitative analysis of the EEG revealed changes in the frequency and amplitude of the alpha rhythm, the power variation on the basic rhythms, the reduction of the total strength of the rhythms, the increase in relative power of slow rhythms in the frontal leads to the total power of the rhythms. After the treatment, most patients showed an increase in scores on the “Montreal scale”, a decrease in anxiety and depression on the” Hospital scale”, and an increase in the SF-36 index. Quantitative EEG analysis revealed positive dynamics comparable to the clinic and test data. The most favorable EEG dynamics was registered in groups of patients receiving neuroprotective and combined therapy. Conclusions: the results obtained indicate the diagnostic value of quantitative EEG analysis and the feasibility of adding drugs that improve the metabolism and blood supply to the brain to standard antihypertensive therapy.