Usefulness of T2-Weighted Images with Deep-Learning-Based Reconstruction in Nasal Cartilage

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of visualizing nasal cartilage using deep-learning-based reconstruction (DLR) fast spin-echo (FSE) imaging in comparison to three-dimensional fast spoiled gradient-echo (3D FSPGR) images. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 190 set images of 38 participants, including axial T1- and T2-weighted FSE images using DLR (T1WIDL and T2WIDL, belong to FSEDL) and without using DLR (T1WIO and T2WIO, belong to FSEO) and 3D FSPGR images. Subjective evaluation (overall image quality, noise, contrast, artifacts, and identification of anatomical structures) was independently conducted by two radiologists. Objective evaluation including signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was conducted using manual region-of-interest (ROI)-based analysis. Coefficient of variation (CV) and Bland–Altman plots were used to demonstrate the intra-rater repeatability of measurements for cartilage thickness on five different images. Results: Both qualitative and quantitative results confirmed superior FSEDL to 3D FSPGR images (both p < 0.05), improving the diagnosis confidence of the observers. Lower lateral cartilage (LLC), upper lateral cartilage (ULC), and septal cartilage (SP) were relatively well delineated on the T2WIDL, while 3D FSPGR showed poorly on the septal cartilage. For the repeatability of cartilage thickness measurements, T2WIDL showed the highest intra-observer (%CV = 8.7% for SP, 9.5% for ULC, and 9.7% for LLC) agreements. In addition, the acquisition time for T1WIDL and T2WIDL was respectively reduced by 14.2% to 29% compared to 3D FSPGR (both p < 0.05). Conclusions: Two-dimensional equivalent-thin-slice T1- and T2-weighted images using DLR showed better image quality and shorter scan time than 3D FSPGR and conventional construction images in nasal cartilages. The anatomical details were preserved without losing clinical performance on diagnosis and prognosis, especially for pre-rhinoplasty planning.