Peri-Implant Diseases: an update for dentistry

Objective: this study aims to present and describe the main pathological, benign and malignant alterations of the peri-implant mucosa. Material and Methods: an integrative review of the literature was carried out using the following descriptors: peri-implant pathology; reactive lesion dental implant; carcinoma dental implant; peri-implant disease dental implant; reactive lesion by dental implant; oral squamous cell carcinoma around dental implants; peri-implant disease; pathology; for the elaboration of the search strategy in the databases PubMed, LILACS, MEDLINE and SciElo to obtain the scientific productions. Results: conditions such as peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis are poorly reported in the literature, which makes it difficult to estimate their real prevalence. Among the benign reactive lesions, the pyogenic granuloma and peripheral giant-cell granuloma stand out, described as the most frequently associated with the implants. Regarding neoplasia, cases of hemangioma and OSCC were published, suggesting a possible influence of the implant in the development of these conditions. Conclusion: the occurrence of several pathologies associated with dental implants was observed in the literature, which demonstrates the importance of a detailed clinical examination, associated, in certain situations, with histopathological examination for an accurate diagnosis and adequate management of the various peri-implant diseases.