Pathogenetic mechanisms for the diabetic nephropathy development (literature review)

The prevalence of DM is currently increasing all over the world, including Russia. Kidney damage develops in about one third of patients with type 1 diabetes and in half of patients with type 2 diabetes. Renal tissue and microcirculatory bed damage in patients with DM is associated with the impact of several factors, the most significant are: age, heredity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, prolonged uncompensated hyperglycemia. Despite the numerous researches of DN etiopathogenesis, the mechanisms of its formation and progression have not been fully studied. This review contains updated information about metabolic disorders development in cells and interstitial renal parenchyma. Significant attention is devoted to the glomerular hypertension formation as the cause of glomerular damage and nephrons progressive loss. Understanding of these phenomena essence is the key to development effective treatment methods and prevention of DM complications.