Design approaches proposed for bending components made by 3D concrete printers

The research and application of 3D printing technology in the construction industry have captured the attention of researchers, businesses, and management agencies. This innovative method of creating structures differs significantly from traditional construction methods and has the potential to revolutionise the field. However, it is crucial to ensure that the printed structures are safe when subjected to loads. This requires careful attention to the materials used, the printing process, and the structural design of the building. As a result, considerable research has been essential to develop standards and guidelines for designing, evaluating, and accepting printed concrete components and structures. This study addresses these issues by (1) providing an overview of the application of structural components made by 3D concrete printers; (2) analysing the behaviour of flexural reinforced concrete components; (3) categorising flexural printed components; and (4) proposing approaches to design printed components according to their category. This study concerns the behaviour of flexural components regarding 3D concrete printing technology. The design approaches for these components will be discussed, focusing on solid and hollow sections.