An Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Sensor Using Banana Peel Activated Carbon/NiFe2O4/MnCoFe-LDH Nanocomposites for Anticancer Drug Determination

In the current study, we report the synthesis of a novel composite material composed of banana peel activated carbon (BPAC), nickel iron oxide (NiFe2O4), and manganese cobalt iron layered double hydroxide (MnCoFe-LDH) to create a high-performance electrochemical sensor to detect Palbociclib (PLB). The composite was successfully immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface to create a modified electrode. The performance of the electrode was thoroughly evaluated, considering parameters such as electroactive surface areas (ESA), electron transfer rate constant (k0), and exchange current density (j0). The developed BPAC/NiFe2O4/MnCoFe-LDH/GCE exhibited a wide linear dynamic range of 0.01–13.0 μM for PLB concentration, accompanied by a detection limit at a low level (3.5 nM). Furthermore, it can be applied to the determination of PLB in human urine and pharmaceutical samples with excellent recoveries (98.5–102.9%) and RSD values lower than 3%, establishing its potential for precise PLB determination in pharmaceutical and biological samples. This research contributes to the advancement of electrochemical sensor technology for the detection of important anticancer drugs in real-world applications.