Bio-efficacy, persistence and residual toxicity of greener insecticides against predominant flea beetles on cabbage crop in Kashmir

The flea beetles, Phyllotreta striolata (Fabricius, 1803) and Altica himensis (Shukla, 1960) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticinae) are one of the most serious pests of Brassica oleracea L. in Kashmir. In order to find eco-friendly control against these pests, bio-efficacy, persistence and residual toxicity of some newer insecticides viz., Emamectin benzoate 5SG @ 0.002 and 0.004 per cent, Spinosad 45SC @ 0.0035 and 0.007 per cent was evaluated against P. striolata and A. himensis infesting cabbage crop. Mortality caused by these insecticides was recorded in all the treatments. The result revealed that spinosad 45SC @ 0.007 per cent exhibited significantly lowest pest population and the highest efficacy against cabbage flea beetles. The persistence and residual toxicity of these insecticides was worked and it was found that spinosad 45SC @ at 0.007 per cent revealed the highest PT value of (346.11 & 321.43) for P. striolata and (299.57 & 322.38) for A. himensis compared to other insecticides. LT50 values of (4.13 & 3.38) for P. striolata and (3.08 & 3.84) for A. himensis were the highest for Spinosad 45SC @ 0.007 per cent. It was concluded that spinosad 45SC @ 0.007 per cent offers a feasible choice for the management of P. striolata and A. himensis. Hrošči bolhači, kot sta vrsti Phyllotreta striolata (Fabricius, 1803) in Altica himensis (Shukla, 1960) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticinae), so najnevarnejši škodljivci na zelju v Kašmirju. Z namenom najti okolju prijazni nadzor, biološko učinkovitost, obstojnost in rezidualno toksičnost nekaterih novih incekticidov sta bila pri zatiranju teh škodljivcev na zelju preiskušena emamktin benzoat 5SG @ 0,002 in 0,004 % in spinosad 45SC @ 0,0035 in 0,007 %. Smrtnost, ki sta jo povzročila ta dva insekticida je bila zabeležena pri vseh obravnavanjih. Rezultati so pokazali, da je spinosad 45SC @ 0,007 % povzročil značilno manjšo populacijo škodljivca in je imel večjo učinkovitost pri zatiranju hroščev bolhačev na zelju. Preučeni sta bili obstojnost in rezidulana toksičnost teh dveh insekticidov, pri čemer je bilo ugotovljeno, da je imel spinosad 45SC @ pri 0,007 % največjo PT vrednost (346,11 & 321,43) za vrsto P. striolata in (299,57 & 322,38) in za vrsto A. himensis v primerjavi z drugimi insekticidi. LT50 vrednosti (4,13 & 3,38) za vrsto P. striolata in (3,08 & 3,84) in za vrsto A. himensis so bile največje za spinosad 45SC @ 0,007 %. Zaključeno je bilo, da ponuja spinosad 45SC @ 0,007 % primerno izbiro za upra