Study of the model of the phase transition envelope taking into account the process of thermal storage under natural draft and by air injection

The study proposed mathematical modeling of the enclosing structure of the building, which includes an energy-active panel accumulating solar radiation due to the phase transition of the heat-accumulating material. The mathematical model is based on a two-dimensional non-stationary nonlinear heat conduction equation describing the process of heat transfer in the bearing layer of the enclosing structure and the energy-active panel, taking into account the process of heat accumulation under natural and forced traction by air injection. In comparison of the calculation results, it was found. that the efficiency of the use of forced convection relative to natural was 33–44% in the question of the selection of useful heat, depending on the time (second or first day), and the value of heat accumulation showed almost the same results. Taking into account the research carried out by the authors, it is shown by calculation that enclosing structures in which a heat-accumulating material with a phase transition is used to accumulate solar energy are more energy efficient than simple heat accumulation in the carrier layer. The introduction of highly conductive inclusions into the energy-active panel and the use of forced convection instead of natural traction during heat extraction also significantly increase the energy efficiency of the structure, which can subsequently be used as an option for external fencing under appropriate climatic conditions.