Noninvasive cardiac output monitoring during anaesthetic management for caesarean delivery in parturient with severe mitral stenosis: A more relaxed look

Echocardiography revealed mitral valve area of 0.875 cm 2 with mild regurgitation with moderate pressure gradient (36 mmHg), tricuspid regurgitation, left ventricular ejection fraction of 55% and severe pulmonary arterial hypertension, no clot, mass or vegetation. [...]due to NICOM monitoring, a well-controlled fluid management (100 ml bolus) was easier as a response to therapy could be observed in parturients. [...]the optimal fluids required to maintain haemodynamic stability in the hypovolaemic PIH patient is possible.