Mortality, risk factors, and causes of death among people with tuberculosis in Denmark, 1990-2018

•People with tuberculosis (TB) have a twofold higher long-term mortality than controls.•Danes with TB are three times more likely to die than migrants with TB.•Living alone, being unemployed, or having a low income increase the risk of death.•Mental illness with substance abuse is an important risk factor for death.•People with TB may need enhanced treatment for comorbidities and social conditions. This study aimed to analyze mortality, risk factors, and causes of death among people with tuberculosis (TB). This is a population-based cohort study with patients with TB ≥18 years notified from 1990 to 2018 in Denmark, compared with sex- and age-matched controls. Mortality was assessed in Kaplan–Meier models and risk factors for death were estimated in Cox proportional hazards models. Overall mortality was twofold higher among people with TB compared with controls up to 15 years after TB diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.18, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.06-2.29, P