Influence of Moisture in Quartzite on the Lining Properties and Efficiency of Industrial-Frequency Induction Crucible Furnaces

The main purpose of industrial frequency induction crucible smelters (IGM) is the smelting of synthetic cast iron, using metal filling scrap in the amount of 30–35%, at a temperature not exceeding 1450 OZ C. The basis of the lining used is quartzite, which undergoes polymorphic transformations in the pre-treatment process to form tridimite. The efficiency of using these furnaces is significantly increased when using a metal casting consisting of a single steel scrap, but for this purpose, the melting mode has to be raised to 1550–1600 °C, which will reduce the resistance of the lining. The structural transformation of quartzite is strongly influenced by the state of water in it. In this work, studies have been carried out for changes in the water condition in the quartzite of the brand PCMVI-3 under the action of temperatures of 200–1550 °C. The Shimadzu XRF-1800 spectrometer established the actual chemical composition of the investigated quartzite and found that the amount of impurities in it is 0.66%. A derivative study of STA 449 F1 Jupiter found two endothermic effects. The first, at 170 °C, relates to the loss of adsorbed water. The second, at a temperature of 570 °C, passes without the loss of mass of the sample, and it is accompanied by the beginning of the process of the destruction of point defects in the form of Al-OH groupings. From a temperature of 620–630 °C, no mass changes associated with water removal were detected. The BRUKER D8 ADVANCE diffractometer investigated phase changes during the removal of moisture from the quartzite at temperatures of 200 and 800 °C and subsequent cooling and then during the heating used to sinter the lining. As a result, it has been established that the sheet in which the quartzite contains only chemically bound moisture, after sintering, turns into cristobalite and provides a more stable exposure to sudden temperature changes. This makes it possible to use up to 90% of the steel scrap in metal filling, which increases the efficiency of the melting furnace and the production of castings in general.