Small-fragment, high turnover: soil microenvironment fluctuation effect on tree diversity in a Neotropical montane oak forest

Soil microenvironmental variables showed an important key in and β-tree diversity in Neotropical montane oak forest. Thus, understanding the microenvironment fluctuation at small-fragment effects on tree diversity is crucial in maintaining the montane oak ecosystems. In this study, we hypothesized that within a relatively small-fragment (151.63 ha), tree and β-diversity fluctuate and specific soil microenvironmental factors could influence tree species diversity to answer three questions: Do tree and β-diversity differ among transects, even in a short-distance between them? Do microenvironmental variables influence tree diversity composition that occurs within a relict Neotropical montane oak forest? Is there a particular microenvironmental variable influencing tree species-specific? We established four permanent transects during a year in a relict Neotropical montane oak forest, we assessed tree diversity and specific microenvironmental variables (soil moisture, soil temperature, pH, depth litterfall and light incidence). This allowed us to evaluate how microenvironmental variables at small-fragment influence and β-tree diversity and tree species-specific. Our results showed that -diversity was not different among transects; however, β-diversity of tree species was mostly explained by turnover and soil moisture, soil temperature, and light incidence were the microenvironmental variables that triggered the replacement ( , one species by another). Those variables also had effect on tree species-specific: Mexican beech ( ), Quebracho ( ), Pezma ( ), Aguacatillo ( ), Pezma ( var. ), and Mountain magnolia ( ). Our results confirm our hypothesis related to β-diversity but not with -diversity; however, the tree community structure of the diversity was similar among transects. Our study represents the first effort to evaluate and link the soil microenvironmental effect on tree and β-diversity, finding a high replacement in a small-fragment of Neotropical montane oak forest from eastern Mexico.