CLIMATIC AND HYDROLOGICAL FACTORS OPERATING IN THE AREA OF LEADING LINE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGE «SAKHALIN–CONTINENT

The expediency of transportation on the TRANS-Siberian railway is not in doubt for any of our contemporaries now, and its importance for development of Siberia and the Far East is quite obvious. However, this attitude to this transport artery was not formed immediately. Let us recall at least the fact that the Tomsk merchant class insisted that the road passed through Aleksandrovsk (now Novosibirsk). The decision of Tsar Alexander III on construction of the railway played crucial role. The built road contributed to the development of the cities through which it was laid. The situation with the decision on organization of the free movement from the mainland to Sakhalin seems to us similar to the one that was in front of laying of the line across Siberia. The issue will have to be addressed sooner or later. The laying of the highway to the island will give a powerful impetus to the social and economic development of the territories adjacent to the road and railway, which will pass through the bridge. In this article, we research specifics of climatic and hydrological factors that determine choice of type of hydraulic structures in the Nevelskogo Strait. The relevance of the research is dictated by the need for comprehensive review of the conditions that determine the choice of the Tatar Strait crossing line by the bridge. After taking into account the influence of geological and geomorphological factors, we turn our attention to climatic, weather and hydrological processes that will have a permanent impact on construction and operation. The aim of the research is to link together and analyze the data that characterize features of atmospheric and hydrosphere processes in narrow part of the Tatar Strait and conduct scientific research that will complement for engineering research and help identify based on simulation safest opening for construction of hydro-technical utilities that will connect opposite banks. Materials and methods. The materials for the study were cartographic materials, data of remote sensing of the Earth, information on climatic and weather conditions, data of hydrological, meteorological, Oceanographic observations, information obtained as a result of research works and engineering surveys in which the authors participated, as well as information from literary sources. Mapping in the geographic information environment allowed creating thematic maps reflecting the dynamics of hydrometeorological processes. The obtained information was used