YIELD AND AGRONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF SUNFLOWER IN RESPONSE TO NITROGEN FERTILIZER APPLICATION AND SOWING SEASON
ABSTRACT Agronomic responses to the use of agricultural inputs have been used in agriculture to identify the optimal level of nutrients to be supplied for high yield. This strategy helps to avoid economic losses and excessive application of fertilizers that has caused pollution of aquifers and soil...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Caatinga 2018-12, Vol.31 (4), p.871-881 |
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Zusammenfassung: | ABSTRACT Agronomic responses to the use of agricultural inputs have been used in agriculture to identify the optimal level of nutrients to be supplied for high yield. This strategy helps to avoid economic losses and excessive application of fertilizers that has caused pollution of aquifers and soil degradation. The aim of the study was to evaluate water use efficiency, agronomic efficiency of nitrogen, heat units and use of evapotranspiration in yield and its components in sunflowers under hot climate conditions in function of nitrogen fertilizer application during two sowing season. The experiment was conducted in the field. The treatments were two sowing seasons and three levels of nitrogen fertilizer application and one control: 0, 60, 80 and 120 kg N ha-1. The nitrogen source was urea. The experimental design was complete random blocks with factorial array and four replications. The occurrence of cv. Cobalto sunflower phenological stages were not modified by the treatments. Urea favored agronomic efficiency and water use efficiency. Yield components were modified positively, with increasing receptacle area, 100-grain weight, and grain yield per receptacle. Application of nitrogen fertilizer favored sunflower development, although environmental conditions are of critical importance as demonstrated by a clear interaction between the yield response to fertilizer application and the environment where the plants grew.
RESUMO As respostas agronómicas ao uso dos insumos agrícolas, têm sido usados na agricultura para identificar o nível óptimo de fornecimento de nutrimentos para um alto rendimento, estratégia que ajuda a evitar perdas económicas, e a evitar o excessivo aplicativo de fertilizantes que têm provocado contaminação de mantos acuíferos e degradação do solos. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a eficiência no uso da água, eficiência agronômica do nitrogênio, unidades calor e uso da evapotranspiração no rendimento e componentes do rendimento de girassol em condições quentes em duas épocas de cultivo em função da fertilização de nitrógeno. Foi realizada no campo em condições experimentais. Os tratamentos consistiram em duas épocas e três níveis de aplicação de fertilização nitrogenada e um controle de 0, 60 80 e 120 kg N ha-1, sendo usado como fonte de nitrogênio uréia. O delineamento experimental foi blocos completos randomizados, com arranjo fatorial e quatro repetições. A ocorrência de estádios fenológicos em cv de girassol. O cobalto não foi modifica |
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ISSN: | 0100-316X 1983-2125 1983-2125 |
DOI: | 10.1590/1983-21252018v31n409rc |