The escalation of NiV infection: Epidemiological trends, clinical manifestations, and global implications

The transmission of NiV primarily occurs from fruit bats of the Pteropodidae family, which are known to be natural hosts of the virus. The transmission of Nipah virus can occur through several pathways: direct contact with specific animals known to harbor the virus, like fruit bats and pigs; ingestion of food items contaminated with NiV, notably raw date palm sap; and close physical interactions with individuals infected with the virus, potentially through respiratory droplets or direct contact (Fig. 1). Collaboration between countries can facilitate the sharing of information, research, and resources, leading to improved understanding and management of the virus.