Assessment of epidemiological profile of hip fractures and their risk factors in a Tertiary Care Centre: A case-control study

Introduction: Hip fractures are common injuries contributing to both morbidity and mortality in the elderly. The present case-control study was conducted to assess the epidemiological profile of hip fractures and their risk factors in a tertiary care centre. Materials and Methods: The present study was a retrospective case-control study carried out in a tertiary care hospital over a period of 1 year. Fifty patients aged 40 years and above who were admitted with radiologically detected fractures of the femur were included as cases. Controls were selected in an equal number of cases. All the physiological parameters were recorded. Other variables were also noted. Data were collected and analyzed using the SPSS software version 21.0. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: The study population consisted of 50 cases and 50 controls with an equal male-female ratio. Out of 25 cases in males, 68% were extracapsular and 32% were intracapsular fractures. Out of 25 cases in females, 60% were extracapsular and 40% were intracapsular fractures. The extracapsular (24%) and intracapsular (16%) fractures were maximum in the age group of 40-50 years in males. The extracapsular fractures (28%) and intracapsular (16%) were maximum in the age group of 60-70 years in females. Fractures taking place indoors due to loss of balance were higher (38%). Fractures occurring outdoors due to slip higher (22%). The history of weight loss in the past year was more in cases (44%). Cases were more inactive (46%) in the past than controls. Cases were more inactive (34%) in the past than controls. History of chronic diseases such as diabetes was more in cases (14%), and hypertension was more in controls than cases. History of drug uses as some sought of medication was more in cases (52%) than controls, and usage of drugs for hypertension and calcium tablets was more in controls than cases. Addiction to smoking was more in cases, and alcohol was more in controls. Conclusion: Our study concluded that in males, extracapsular fractures were more, and in females, intracapsular fractures were more. The extracapsular and intracapsular fractures were maximum in the age group of 40-50 years in males. The extracapsular fractures and intracapsular were maximum in the age group of 60-70 years in females. Fractures taking place indoors due to loss of balance were higher. Fractures occurring outdoors due to slip was higher.