Risk of exposure to metals in soil contaminated by steel industry waste for a population in Volta Redonda, RJ

The aim of this study was to identify the risk of population’s exposure, by different exposure routes, to Zn, Ni, Cu, Cr, and Pb in the soil of a condominium. Six sampling points in three campaigns provided thirty-six soil samples, collected at two depths, one superficial, 0.20 m, and the other underground, between 2.00 and 3.00 m. The results show that the levels of metals in the condominium's soil are generally high. Children cannot withstand the same doses as adults since they are more susceptible and risk greater damage to health. The non-carcinogenic risk based on the hazard quotient (HQ) and the health index (HI) values for each exposure pathway and for each metal were observed to be less than (