Administration of Slow-Release Synthetic Prostacyclin Agonist Promoted Angiogenesis and Skeletal Muscle Regeneration for Limb Ischemia

Gene or cell therapy is currently not fully efficacious for arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO). In this study, we determined whether YS-1402, a slow-release synthetic prostacyclin agonist, promoted neovascularization and skeletal muscle regeneration in a mouse model of critical limb ischemia (CLI). We ligated the femoral artery and its branches to obtain the CLI mouse model, administered saline (S group) or YS-1402 (YS group) to the thigh adductor 1 week after femoral artery occlusion, and evaluated tissue blood flow after surgery. After treatment, the leg muscle was obtained for histological, gene expression, and protein analyses to assess angiogenesis and skeletal muscle regeneration. Tissue blood flow improved in the YS group compared with that in the S group, and the number of CD31+/α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA)+ arterioles increased in the YS group. Prostacyclin receptor (IPR), stromal cell-derived factor-1, hepatocyte growth factor, and neural cell adhesion molecule expression levels were higher in the YS than in the S group. Skeletal muscle regeneration was detected based on PAX7- and Ki-67-positive satellite cells in the YS group. Myogenin and MyoD expression was higher in the YS than in the S group. Therefore, YS-1402 promoted functional angiogenesis and skeletal muscle regeneration in the CLI mouse model, suggesting a new therapy for ASO. [Display omitted] We found that YS-1402, a slow-release synthetic prostacyclin agonist, promoted neovascularization and skeletal muscle regeneration in a mouse model of critical limb ischemia (CLI). YS-1402 plays important roles in functional angiogenesis and skeletal muscle regeneration in the CLI mouse model via binding the prostacyclin receptor of endothelial cells and satellite cells.