Evaluation of Surface Homogeneity of Poly Methyl Methacrylate Denture Base Resin fabricated by two different methods of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles incorporation - An in vitro Study

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the surface homogeneity of poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin fabricated by two different methods of incorporating titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NPs). Settings and Design: In vitro study; qualitative analysis. Materials and Methods: PMMA resin was divided into two groups with 1% of titanium dioxide NPs were added to each group; Group A contained NPs incorporated in the polymer through magnetic stirring for 60 min and Group B contained NPs incorporated in the monomer through ultrasonic dispersion for 60 min. Ten acrylic block samples were fabricated by standard method for each group and then tested for surface homogeneity by scanning electron microscopy analysis for qualitative analysis. Results: Group A showed NPs as defined pale white dots with a consistent distribution pattern and minimal air entrapment. Group B showed NPs agglomerated forming clusters of white dots with flaky sheet-like structures. Conclusion: Magnetic stirring of NPs into polymer showed better surface homogeneity than the ultrasonic dispersion of NPs in monomer. The NP incorporation method plays a role in modifying the surface homogeneity of the acrylic. Keywords: Magnetic stirring, poly methyl methacrylate, titanium dioxide nanoparticles, ultrasonic dispersion