An angel or a devil? Current view on the role of CD8 + T cells in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis
Myasthenia gravis (MG) and the experimental autoimmune MG (EAMG) animal model are characterized by T-cell-induced and B-cell-dominated autoimmune diseases that affect the neuromuscular junction. Several subtypes of CD4 T cells, including T helper (Th) 17 cells, follicular Th cells, and regulatory T...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of translational medicine 2024-02, Vol.22 (1), p.183-14, Article 183 |
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Zusammenfassung: | Myasthenia gravis (MG) and the experimental autoimmune MG (EAMG) animal model are characterized by T-cell-induced and B-cell-dominated autoimmune diseases that affect the neuromuscular junction. Several subtypes of CD4
T cells, including T helper (Th) 17 cells, follicular Th cells, and regulatory T cells (Tregs), contribute to the pathogenesis of MG. However, increasing evidence suggests that CD8
T cells also play a critical role in the pathogenesis and treatment of MG.
Herein, we review the literature on CD8
T cells in MG, focusing on their potential effector and regulatory roles, as well as on relevant evidence (peripheral, in situ, cerebrospinal fluid, and under different treatments), T-cell receptor usage, cytokine and chemokine expression, cell marker expression, and Treg, Tc17, CD3
CD8
CD20
T, and CXCR5
CD8
T cells.
Further studies on CD8
T cells in MG are necessary to determine, among others, the real pattern of the Vβ gene usage of autoantigen-specific CD8
cells in patients with MG, real images of the physiology and function of autoantigen-specific CD8
cells from MG/EAMG, and the subset of autoantigen-specific CD8
cells (Tc1, Tc17, and IL-17
IFN-γ
CD8
T cells). There are many reports of CD20-expressing T (or CD20 + T) and CXCR5
CD8 T cells on autoimmune diseases, especially on multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Unfortunately, up to now, there has been no report on these T cells on MG, which might be a good direction for future studies. |
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ISSN: | 1479-5876 1479-5876 |
DOI: | 10.1186/s12967-024-04965-7 |