Distinct characteristics of the DNA damage response in mammalian oocytes

DNA damage is a critical threat that poses significant challenges to all cells. To address this issue, cells have evolved a sophisticated molecular and cellular process known as the DNA damage response (DDR). Among the various cell types, mammalian oocytes, which remain dormant in the ovary for extended periods, are particularly susceptible to DNA damage. The occurrence of DNA damage in oocytes can result in genetic abnormalities, potentially leading to infertility, birth defects, and even abortion. Therefore, understanding how oocytes detect and repair DNA damage is of paramount importance in maintaining oocyte quality and preserving fertility. Although the fundamental concept of the DDR is conserved across various cell types, an emerging body of evidence reveals striking distinctions in the DDR between mammalian oocytes and somatic cells. In this review, we highlight the distinctive characteristics of the DDR in oocytes and discuss the clinical implications of DNA damage in oocytes. DNA Damage in Oocytes: A Key Player in Infertility and Birth Defects Understanding how our cells fix DNA damage is key to understanding why certain diseases, like cancer, happen. Researchers conducted a review, to create a clearer picture of DNA repair in oocytes. They discovered that oocytes have a unique method of handling DNA damage compared to other cell types. The study also noted that as women age, their oocytes become less skilled at repairing DNA, which can affect fertility. The researchers emphasized that oocytes have a strong system for fixing DNA damage, which is crucial for preventing chromosomal abnormalities in embryos. They concluded that understanding these repair mechanisms better could lead to advancements in fertility treatments and preserving reproductive health. Future research could further unravel these processes, potentially leading to new ways to help individuals facing fertility challenges. This summary was initially drafted using artificial intelligence, then revised and fact-checked by the author.