Evaluación del empleo de microorganismos en la remoción de compuestos orgánicos persistentes y metales pesados
Introduction. Contamination by persistent organic compounds (POCs) and heavy me-tals in waters and soils is a serious environmental problem. Objectives: To evaluate theuse of microorganisms (autochthonous and from collection) and their products, in theremoval of these contaminants. Methods. Autochth...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Anales de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba 2022, Vol.12 (1) |
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Zusammenfassung: | Introduction. Contamination by persistent organic compounds (POCs) and heavy me-tals in waters and soils is a serious environmental problem. Objectives: To evaluate theuse of microorganisms (autochthonous and from collection) and their products, in theremoval of these contaminants. Methods. Autochthonous microorganisms were iso-lated by sequential enrichment. The quantification of rhamnolipids and chlorophenolswas performed by colorimetric methods and hydrocarbon removal was gravimetricallyquantified. Metals were determined by plasma atomic absorption (AAS-ICP). Results.Rhamnolipid produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa ORA9 removed more than 50 % ofcopper present in waters and 75 % of hydrocarbons from contaminated soils. Likewi-se, the use of 4 bacterial strains and rhizospheric bacteria isolated from contaminatedsoils allowed up to 84 % and 72 % of hydrocarbon removal and degradation of herbicide2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), respectively. On the other hand, the effective-ness of using biological systems for the treatment of hydrocarbon and heavy metalcontaminated waters was verified, obtaining percentages of hydrocarbon removal of60 % and 84 % with a designed airlift bioreactor and an aerobic/anaerobic reactor sys-tem, respectively. Finally, using dry microbial biomass, 52 %, 23 % and 14 % of copper,zinc and manganese metals, respectively, present in contaminated waters were extrac-ted. Conclusions: The results of this research constitute the scientific bases to imple-ment a technological package for the remediation of sites contaminated with POCs andheavy metals using microorganisms
Introducción. La contaminación por compuestos orgánicos persistentes (COP) y metalespesados en aguas y suelos es un serio problema ambiental. El objetivo fue evaluar el empleode microorganismos (autóctonos y de colección) y sus productos en la remoción de estoscontaminantes. Métodos. Los microorganismos autóctonos se aislaron mediante enriqueci-miento secuencial. La cuantificación de ramnolípidos y clorofenoles se realizó por métodoscolorimétricos y la remoción de hidrocarburos se cuantificó gravimétricamente. Los metalesse determinaron por absorción atómica con plasma (AAS-ICP). Resultados. El ramnolípidoproducido por Pseudomonas aeruginosa ORA9 removió más del 50 % del cobre presenteen aguas y el 75 % de los hidrocarburos de suelos contaminados. Asimismo, el empleo de4 cepas bacterianas y bacterias rizosféricas aisladas de suelos contaminados permitieronhasta un 84 |
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ISSN: | 2304-0106 2304-0106 |