The stages of HIV infection and the risk of opportunistic Tuberculosis infection

AbstrakLatar belakang: Infeksi oportunistik (IO) oleh tuberkulosis adalah penyebab kematian tertinggi orangyang terinfeksi HIV di seluruh dunia, terutama pada infeksi HIV yang tidak diobati. Tujuan penelitian iniadalah untuk mengetahui faktor risiko infeksi oportunistik TB pada orang dengan HIV.Metode: Studi dilakukan di klinik konseling sukarela (VCT) di beberapa rumah sakit di tujuh provinsi(Sumatera Utara, Sumatera Barat, Kepulauan Riau, Sulawesi Selatan, Sulawesi Utara, Maluku, danPapua). Desain penelitian adalah potong lintang dan pemilihan responden dengan metode purposivesampling. Sebanyak 490 pasien HIV dimasukkan dalam penelitian ini. Data dikumpulkan denganmenggunakan kuesioner yang spesifik. Analisis statistik dilakukan menggunakan STATA versi 9.0.Hasil: Di antara 490 pasien HIV, 238 (48,6%) pasien melaporkan TB sebagai IO. Semakin muda kelompoksubyek dengan HIV semakin besar persentase IO TB. Penderita HIV laki-laki mempunyai risiko 24% lebihtinggi terinfeksi TB dibandingkan perempuan [risiko relatif suaian (RRa) = 1,24; P = 0,023]. Sedangkansubyek dengan tingkat stadium 1 sampai dengan 3 dibandingkan subyek dengan tingkat stadium akhirberisiko 52% terinfeksi TB (RRa = 1,55; P = 0,000).Kesimpulan: Infeksi HIV stadium 4 dan penderita laki-laki lebih berisiko terkena IO TB. (Health ScienceJournal of Indonesia 2015;6:121-5)Kata kunci: Tuberkulosis, HIV, infeksi oportunistik, Indonesia AbstractBackground: Opportunistic infection (OI) by tuberculosis is the most common cause of death for peopleinfected with HIV worldwide, mainly in persons with untreated HIV infection. The aim of the study wasto determine the risk factors associated with TB as an OI of HIV-infected patients.Methods: The study conducted in Voluntary Counseling Testing (VCT) clinics in several hospitals ofseven provinces (North Sumatera, West Sumatera, Riau Islands, South Sulawesi, North Sulawesi, Maluku,and Papua). This was a cross sectional study and the respondents selected by purposive sampling. Therewere 490 HIV patients included in this study. Data were collected using a specific questionnaire. Statisticalanalyses were done using STATA 9.0 version.Results: Among 490 HIV patients, there were 238 (48.6%) patients with TB as IO. The precentage ofTB as OI in the younger HIV-infected group was higher than the older group. Among the HIV-infectedpersons, males had a 24 % higher risk of becoming infected with TB than females [adjusted relative risk(RRa)=1.24; P=0.023]. Stage 4 HIV-infec