Effects of Shear Layer Characteristics on Acoustic Propagation and Source Localization

The shear layer characteristics of an open-jet acoustic wind tunnel are of key importance on measurements of aeroacoustics. The effects of thickness, spreading angle and strength of shear layer on acoustic propagation and source localization are investigated through the mean/spreading shear layer with a self-similar velocity distribution. Based on the shear flow, the acoustic propagation is computed by the linearized Euler equations via a source term, and then source localization is obtained from beamforming technique combined with the theory of Amiet. Results show that the numerical method can precisely capture the refraction and reflection after sound traversing shear layer. The thickness, spreading angle and strength of the shear layer exerts little effects on the refracted region where sound wave nearly vertical incident, while mainly influence the corresponding up/downstream region in terms of phase change. Increment of thickness, spreading angle and strength of the shear layer increases the acoustic difference between the shear layer with and without thickness, and produces a larger error of source localization downstream of the actual position. 声学风洞开口实验段的剪切层形态对气动噪声测量及声源定位有重要影响。以平行剪切层和扩张剪切层为对象研究了剪切层的厚度、扩张角、强度等因素对声波穿过剪切层传播规律以及声源定位的影响。剪切层的流场采用自相似的速度分布来构造，声传播模拟采用带源项的线化欧拉方程，声源定位使用基于Amiet理论的波束成形技术。研究结果表明：采用高精度的数值方法可以很好模拟声波穿过剪切层产生的折射、反射等现象；剪切层厚度、扩张角和强度等的变化对使用简化对流波动方程预测的垂直入射区影响较小，对上/下游区域影响较大，这主要体现在剪切层的存在改变了声传播的相位；剪切层厚度、扩张角和强度的增加，造成声波穿过有/无厚度剪切层的声场差别增大、基于Amiet理论定位的声源相对实际声源的位置偏移量增大。