Chemical profile of the Anatolian Sideritis species with bioactivity studies

The genus L. (Lamiaceae) is represented by 46 species in Turkey with an 79% endemism ratio, 42 of 46 belonging to the section Empodoclia. In this review article, species growing in Turkey have been evaluated for phytochemical constituents and biological activities. The data for the isolates, components and extracts of the Anatolian species and their bioactivity studies were retrieved from the main databases WoS, Scopus and PubMed from 1975 until 31 December 2022. In this review article, terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolics and other secondary metabolites isolated from Turkish species were reported. Anatolian species, which primarily consist of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, were studied in detail. plants are represented by 46 species in Turkey, and 25 of them were investigated for their diterpenoids through isolation or LC-MS studies. Most of the diterpenoids of Turkish species have -kaurene skeleton, among them linearol, siderol, 7- candicandiol and sideridiol were found to be the main compounds. Exceptionally, labdane, pimarane and beyerene diterpenoids were only found in a few species. For phenolics and flavonoids, only 12 species were investigated until now, and they were found to be rich in phenylethanoid glycosides and flavonoid glycosides. In terms of activity, most of the species were tested for antioxidant activity, followed by antimicrobial and anti-ulcer/anti-inflammatory activities. Their cytotoxic, enzyme inhibitory, antinociceptive and antistress activities were less frequently studied. species should be considered promising therapeutic agents in the treatment of upper respiratory tract and ulcer/inflammatory diseases.