Comparative analysis of the open and the arthroscopic Latarjet procedure

Latarjet procedure is one of the relevant surgical techniques for the anterior and antero-inferior type of recurrent instability in the shoulder joint with a defect in the articular surface of the glenoid. The existence of an arthroscopic modification of Latarjet surgery requires more in-depth study on the level of its clinical effectiveness and comparison with the results of open interventions with the aim of introducing practically significant decisions on improving the quality of these types of shoulder joint pathology treatment. The purpose of the work is to conduct a comparative analysis of the open and the arthroscopic Latarjet procedure, to evaluate intraoperative and postoperative complications as well as side effects of these surgical techniques. Materials and methods. A prospective randomized study was carried out, and included 30 people: after open Latarjet surgery – 16 (53.3 %) people and after arthroscopic Latarget surgery – 14 (46.7 %) people. A result was evaluated at 3 and 6 weeks, 3–4 and 6–9 months after surgical procedure using X-ray examination, computed tomography, the Walch–Duplay and Rowe scales, and analysing the intraoperative and postoperative complications. Results. Applying both the arthroscopic and open methods of Latarjet procedure operation, there is a decrease in both active anterior elevation and internal rotation with a slightly greater restriction when performing the open procedure. At the same time, providing the arthroscopic technique, an increase in the range of motion in shoulder adduction and abduction is observed. Conclusions. Applying the arthroscopic and open Latarjet procedures, there are statistically significant equally improved outcomes in recurring instability of the shoulder joint. The results indicate the clinically significant advantages of restoring the shoulder function, especially external rotation when using the arthroscopic procedure of Latarjet surgery in comparison with the open technique.