Feed additives for methane mitigation: Modeling the impact of feed additives on enteric methane emission of ruminants—Approaches and recommendations

The list of standard abbreviations for JDS is available at adsa.org/jds-abbreviations-24. Nonstandard abbreviations are available in the Notes. Over the past decade, there has been considerable attention on mitigating enteric methane (CH4) emissions from ruminants through the utilization of antimethanogenic feed additives (AMFA). Administered in small quantities, these additives demonstrate potential for substantial reductions of methanogenesis. Mathematical models play a crucial role in comprehending and predicting the quantitative impact of AMFA on enteric CH4 emissions across diverse diets and production systems. This study provides a comprehensive overview of methodologies for modeling the impact of AMFA on enteric CH4 emissions in ruminants, culminating in a set of recommendations for modeling approaches to quantify the impact of AMFA on CH4 emissions. Key considerations encompass the type of models employed (i.e., empirical models including meta-analyses, machine learning models, and mechanistic models), the modeling objectives, data availability, modeling synergies and trade-offs associated with using AMFA, and model applications for enhanced understanding, prediction, and integration into higher levels of aggregation. Based on an evaluation of these critical aspects, a set of recommendations is presented concerning modeling approaches for quantifying the impact of AMFA on CH4 emissions and in support of farm-level, national, regional, and global inventories for accounting greenhouse gas emissions in ruminant production systems. [Display omitted]