Sensory processing sensitivity and its relation to sensation seeking

•Sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) is negatively correlated with the sensation-seeking (SS), impulsivity, and risk-taking traits.•SPS is postively correlated with negative urgency—the tendency to act impulsively due to negative affect.•The Sensation-Seeking Scale for Highly Sensitive Persons (SSS/HSP) shows a positive correlation with sensation-seeking, risk-taking and impulsivity.•The SSS/HSP Scale shows a near-zero correlation with SPS.•SPS and SS are separate traits. Sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) is a trait associated with enhanced responsivity to environmental stimuli and the tendency to pause before acting. However, qualitative data suggest that some who are high in SPS may also be high in sensation seeking (SS), a trait characterized by the seeking of novel and intense experiences. Thus, this online study examined SPS and SS among 214 individuals (mean age, 30), using the Highly Sensitive Person Scale (the standard SPS measure), a standard measure of sensation seeking (ZKA-PQ); and the newly developed Sensation-Seeking Scale for Highly Sensitive Persons (SSS/HSP). We also measured risk-taking, impulsivity, and neuroticism, as control variables. Results showed that SPS (controlling or not controlling for neuroticism) was moderately negatively correlated with the ZKA-PQ, risk-taking and impulsivity; but positively associated with negative urgency—the tendency to act impulsively due to negative affect. Also, the validity of the SSS/HSP was supported, as it showed a strong positive correlation with standard measures of SS and risk-taking, a moderate association with impulsivity, and (as it was designed to do) a near zero correlation with SPS. In conclusion, although some individuals with SPS may express high SS, the two traits are largely separate; and the SSS/HSP is a reliable measure of SS, having items better-suited for the highly sensitive.