Characterization of the Phenotypic and Genotypic Antibiotic Resistance Markers in Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) Associated With Diabetes and Nondiabetic Patients

Individuals with diabetes are more susceptible to urinary tract infections (UTIs) than those without the disease. This study aimed to determine the phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic resistance profiles of in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. A total of 374 clean-catch midstream urine specimens were screened for uropathogens, and antibiogram analysis was done on isolates by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, followed by phenotypic confirmation of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production. In addition, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were carried out to determine ESBL genotypes. Overall, we observed UTIs prevalence of 19.8% and 10.7% in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Females exhibited higher UTI prevalence than males in both groups ([71.8% and 28.2%] vs. [85% and 15%]) ( 0.05). We observed CTX-M as the most common ESBL genotype, in combination with other ESBL genes present in some isolates. Nitrofurantoin and ceftriaxone antibiotics were efficacious. Appropriate prescription of antibiotic therapy, and the prevention of transmission of resistant genes in the context of public health can be facilitated by routine monitoring of the resistance profiles and ESBL markers in patients with and without diabetes.