From Seeing to Knowing with Artificial Intelligence: A Scoping Review of Point-of-Care Ultrasound in Low-Resource Settings

The utilization of ultrasound imaging for early visualization has been imperative in disease detection, especially in the first responder setting. Over the past decade, rapid advancements in the underlying technology of ultrasound have allowed for the development of portable point-of-care ultrasounds (POCUS) with handheld devices. The application of POCUS is versatile, as seen by its use in pulmonary, cardiovascular, and neonatal imaging, among many others. However, despite these advances, there is an inherent inability of translating POCUS devices to low-resource settings (LRS). To bridge these gaps, the implementation of artificial intelligence offers an interesting opportunity. Our work reviews recent applications of POCUS devices within LRS from 2016 to 2023, identifying the most commonly utilized clinical applications and areas where further innovation is needed. Furthermore, we pinpoint areas of POCUS technologies that can be improved using state-of-art artificial intelligence technologies, thus enabling the widespread adoption of POCUS devices in low-resource settings.