Chrysin Inhibits NF-kappa B-Dependent CCL5 Transcription by Targeting I kappa B Kinase in the Atopic Dermatitis-Like Inflammatory Microenvironment

Chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) is a natural polyphenolic compound that induces an anti-inflammatory response. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the chrysin-induced suppression of C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) gene expression in atopic dermatitis (AD)-like inflammatory microenvironment. We showed that chrysin inhibited CCL5 expression at the transcriptional level through the suppression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) in the inflammatory environment. Chrysin could bind to the ATP-binding pocket of the inhibitor of kappa B (I kappa B) kinase (IKK) and, subsequently, prevent I kappa B degradation and NF-kappa B activation. The clinical efficacy of chrysin in targeting IKK was evaluated in 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced skin lesions in BALB/c mice. Our results suggested that chrysin prevented CCL5 expression by targeting IKK to reduce the infiltration of mast cells to the inflammatory sites and at least partially attenuate the inflammatory responses. These findings suggested that chrysin might be useful as a platform for the design and synthesis of small-molecule IKK-targeting drugs for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as AD.