Effects of Diesel–Biodiesel–Ethanol Fuel Blend on a Passive Mode of Selective Catalytic Reduction to Reduce NOx Emission from Real Diesel Engine Exhaust Gas

The effects of ethanol on combustion and emission were investigated on a single-cylinder unmodified diesel engine. The ethanol content of 10–50 vol % was chosen to blend with diesel and biodiesel fuels. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) in the passive mode was also studied under real engine conditions. Silver/alumina (Ag/Al 2 O 3 ) was selected as the active catalyst, and H 2 (3000–10000 ppm) was added to assist the ethanol-SCR. The low cetane number of ethanol resulted in longer ignition delay. The diesel–biodiesel–ethanol fuel blends caused an increase in fuel consumption due to their low calorific value. The brake thermal efficiency of the engine fuelled with relatively low ethanol fraction blends was higher than that of diesel fuel. Unburned hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) increased, while NO x decreased with ethanol quantity. The higher ethanol quantity led to increases in the HC/NO x ratio which directly affected the performance of NO x -SCR. Addition of H 2 considerably improved the activity of Ag/Al 2 O 3 for NO x reduction. The proper amount of H 2 added to promote the ethanol-SCR depended strongly on the temperature of the exhaust where a high fraction of H 2 was required at a low exhaust temperature. The maximum NO x conversion of 74% was obtained at a low engine load (25% of maximum load), an ethanol content of 50 vol %, and H 2 addition of 10000 ppm.