A New Paradigm for Automated Gate Systems: From Localization to Transactions Utilizing UWB

With the increasing commercial interest in proximity services, various wireless localization techniques have gained prominence. Among them, Ultra-wideband (UWB) stands out as a promising solution due to its centimeter-level localization accuracy. One application of UWB is the gate system that enables users to pass through gates without tapping for payment, such as NFC. In this paper, we propose a new paradigm for the gate system called NewGate, which optimizes localization and transaction algorithms over UWB. We implemented all components of NewGate, including mobile devices, UWB anchors, and UWB modules in the gate. Using commercial devices such as Samsung Galaxy S23+ and Ultra, we evaluated the performance of NewGate. NewGate achieved a localization accuracy of 8.3 cm and 15.1 cm in static and dynamic scenarios, respectively. The transaction latency through UWB was measured to be 959.6 ms, enabling seamless gate entry without stopping. Moreover, we conducted an experiment at Seoul Oksu subway station to demonstrate the practicality and feasibility of NewGate. Finally, the large-scale simulations revealed the traffic throughput performance and scalability of NewGate, showing a 32% improvement in time taken for 120 people to pass the gate compared to traditional NFC methods.