Total parathyroidectomy in patients with chronic kidney disease : avoiding repeat surgery

Renal hyperparathyroidism (RHPT) is a common complication of renal failure and it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the patient characteristics which might predict persistent or recurrent hyperparathyroidism after surgery and to assess the long-term effect of unsuccessful surgery. This is a retrospective study of all chronic kidney disease patients who required a total parathyroidectomy (TP) because of failed medical management from January 1999 to December 2014. Patient characteristics, preoperative imaging, operative findings, and patient outcome were all studied. Differences between groups (dialysis-dependent and nondialysis-dependent; preoperative imaging and no imaging) were tested by the Chi-square statistic test and P