Water quality and land use in Ipanema Stream Watershed (Doce River Basin/Brazil): effects of urbanization

ABSTRACT We evaluated the water quality conditions and their relationships with the land cover/use throughout the entire Ipanema Stream Watershed (ISW), also considering temporal differences. Thirteen water quality variables were evaluated in fourteen sampling stations located in rural, peri-urban,...

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Veröffentlicht in:Revista brasileira de recursos hídricos 2024-01, Vol.29
Hauptverfasser: von Rückert, Gabriela, Figueredo, Cleber Cunha, Barros, John Ellis de Faria, Silva, Raquel Ramos da
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Sprache:eng
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Zusammenfassung:ABSTRACT We evaluated the water quality conditions and their relationships with the land cover/use throughout the entire Ipanema Stream Watershed (ISW), also considering temporal differences. Thirteen water quality variables were evaluated in fourteen sampling stations located in rural, peri-urban, and urban zones in both dry and rainy seasons from 2015 to 2018. A PCA was performed to detect which variables explain most of the data variability and to detect spatial and/or temporal trends in ISW water quality. The four PCs explained 74% of the data variability, but strong relationships with environmental variables were only observed in the two main components. PC1 was related to nutrients, alkalinity, BOD, electrical conductivity, DO, and pH, while PC2 was related to total suspended solids (TSS) and chlorophyll-a. A spatial pattern related to sampling stations and land uses was observed, but no temporal pattern was identified. Ammoniacal-N and TSS were most important variables (loading values >│0.75│), and showed higher values in urban zone probably due to inadequate sewage discharge. Ipanema Stream did not show a self-purification capacity, and the high TSS concentrations in rural mainstream ask for riparian zone restoration. These management actions for water quality improvement would even contribute to the recovery of Doce River. RESUMO Avaliou-se as condições de qualidade da água e suas relações com cobertura e uso do solo ao longo de toda a Bacia Hidrográfica do Ribeirão Ipanema (BHRI), considerando também as diferenças espaciais e temporais. Treze variáveis foram avaliadas em quatorze estações amostrais localizadas nas zonas rural, periurbana e urbana nas estações seca e chuvosa, de 2015 a 2018. A Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP) foi aplicada para detectar quais variáveis melhor explicam a variância dos dados e para detectar possíveis tendências espaciais e/ou temporais na qualidade da água da BHRI. Os quatro CPs explicaram 74% da variação dos dados, mas relações fortes com as variáveis ambientais ocorreram apenas nos dois primeiros componentes principais. CP1 foi relacionado com nutrientes, alcalinidade, DBO, condutividade elétrica, OD e pH; e CP2 foi relacionado com sólidos totais suspensos (STS) e clorofila-a. Foi observado um padrão de distribuição espacial com base nas zonas de uso do solo e nas estações amostrais, no entanto nenhum padrão temporal foi identificado. N-amoniacal e STS foram as variáveis mais importantes (valores de loadings
ISSN:1414-381X
2318-0331
2318-0331
DOI:10.1590/2318-0331.292420230142