Ginsenoside Rg1 promoted the wound healing in diabetic foot ulcers via miR-489–3p/Sirt1 axis

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are common complications of high severity for diabetes. Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) has the potential for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases therapy. This research aimed at exploring the regulation of Rg1 on DFUs treatment and the underlying mechanism. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) incubated with high-glucose culture medium were established for induction of diabetes model. The MTT assay, Annexin V/PI assay and oxidative stress detection were carried out on high-glucose-induced HUVECs. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to prove the interaction of miR-489–3p and Sirt1. DFUs model was established to determine the efficiency of Rg1 and miR-489–3p in wound closure of DFUs in vivo. Rg1 promoted cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis, and reduced cell apoptosis in high-glucose-induced HUVECs. Knockdown of miR-489–3p alleviated the high-glucose-induced damage to HUVECs, while overexpression of miR-489–3p attenuated the protection effects of Rg1. Overexpression Sirt1 promoted wound healing in DFUs and Sirt1 was a direct target of miR-489–3p. In addition, animal experiments demonstrated that Rg1 promoted wound closure by regulating miR-489–3p/Sirt1 axis. Rg1 alleviated the DFUs by increasing Sirt1 expression via miR-489–3p downregulation and promoting activation of PI3K/AKT/eNOS signaling.