Average and Maximum Papilla Heights around Dental Implants in the Anterior Maxillary Region: A Retrospective Clinical Study

Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the average and maximum height of the papilla around maxillary anterior implants in respect of neighboring structures and location of implants. Materials and Methods. 92 dental implants from 63 patients were investigated in this study. Those implants were placed in the anterior maxillary region and had been loaded for a minimum of one year. After receiving written consent, clinical data including the height of interproximal papillae adjacent to the tooth/implant/pontic were obtained through clinical observation. The independent t-test or ANOVA, the regression modeling, and generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used for statistical analysis (p